How Adverse Childhood Experiences Affect Relationships

Childhood trauma is surprisingly common and understandably painful, but healing is possible.

I didn’t figure out what love wasn’t until I went through my tsunami of a divorce and came face-to-face with the ongoing trauma causing by experiences of childhood abuse — all at the same time.

You see, I was a victim (sorry, I hate that word, but it is what it is) of childhood abuse, what those in the clinical world refer to as Adverse Childhood Experiences.

What Are Adverse Childhood Experiences?

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) definition, “Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) is the term used to describe all types of abuse, neglect, and other potentially traumatic experiences that occur to people under the age of 18.”

The term originated in the 1990s, after Dr. Vincent Felitti, head of Kaiser Permanente’s Department of Preventive Medicine in San Diego, discovered a correlation between childhood trauma and unhealthy coping mechanisms “for depression, anxiety, and fear”.

Subtle Ways Childhood Trauma Affects You As an Adult (Even If You Think You’re Over It)

The resulting ACE Study “has produced more than 50 articles that look at the prevalence and consequences of ACEs … Subsequent studies have confirmed the high frequency of adverse childhood experiences, or found even higher incidences in urban or youth populations … [and the] original study questions have been used to develop a 10-item screening questionnaire.”

As NPR explains, “An ACE score is a tally of different types of abuse, neglect, and other hallmarks of a rough childhood. According to the Adverse Childhood Experiences study, the rougher your childhood, the higher your score is likely to be and the higher your risk for later health problems.”

As it turns out, adverse childhood experiences are surprisingly common, with about two-thirds of survey respondents reporting experience with at least one of the following as a child:

  • Physical abuse
  • Sexual abuse
  • Emotional abuse
  • Physical neglect
  • Emotional neglect
  • Exposure to domestic violence
  • Household substance abuse
  • Household mental illness
  • Parental separation or divorce
  • Incarcerated household member

Personally, I didn’t deal with my own childhood trauma until I was 39 years old, my marriage in tatters.

It wasn’t because I didn’t want to deal with what had happened to me, but rather because I only remembered it at the age of 29, while recovering in hospital after being hit by a car (gotta love the way the brain works).

Once I remembered, I tried keeping quiet about it for a decade.

Throughout my teens and early 20’s, I believed that in order to get love, I had to have sex with someone.

I didn’t realize this was how I was operating until I attended Tony Robbin’s Date With Destiny seminar. Since then, I’ve worked with many women who’ve been in physically and emotionally abusive relationships and can’t understand why they stayed as long as they did — until they look back and realize they grew up watching their father being emotionally and physically abusive to their mom.

People who’ve been through adverse childhood experiences not only face increased physical health risks, but they also love differently because of the negative expectations they’ve come to associate with love.

They don’t do this consciously. They are playing out the patterns running through their unconscious mind, their brain controlling the show on auto-pilot.

Until you gain an awareness of your own unconscious patterns, limiting beliefs and fears, the same tape will keep on playing out for you in the conscious world.

Consider this: If you looked back over the timeline of your life, would you see a pattern of broken relationships with abusive and disrespectful partners? Or a pattern of meeting someone great, only to self-sabotage the relationship because it seemed too good to be true?

When you’ve been through adverse childhood experiences, your unconscious mind may become your own personal bully, telling you to believe lies such as these:

  • “All the people I love will hurt or abuse me”
  • “I deserve to be treated badly”
  • “I am not worthy of lasting and loving relationships”

Our wonderful unconscious brain then seeks out to prove us right and keep us safe. The patterns then keep on playing out in our version of what love is.

The good news is that you can heal, learn positive coping mechanisms and live a long, healthy, happy life full of true, satisfying love.

3 Ways Traumatic Childhood Events Really Hurt Your Adult Relationships

“There are people with high ACE scores who do remarkably well,” Jack Shonkoff, a pediatrician and director of the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, told NPR.

“Resilience, he says, builds throughout life, and close relationships are key. Recent research also suggests that for adults, trauma informed therapy — which can center on art, yoga or mindfulness training — can help.”

In my own experience, dealing with your childhood trauma as an adult is a powerful opportunity to learn what real love is.

When you learn how to love yourself absolutely and unconditionally, because you are more than enough, you learn how to love others while setting boundaries around what you will and will not accept.

Learning to love yourself means learning that you can say no and not settle for any man or woman who happens to come along because you feel lonely. Instead, you’d rather be alone to do more self-discovery, then set out a course that makes you a magnet for the kind of romantic love you want as well.

I never really knew what love was until I loved my self unconditionally. Once I did, I found an amazing new partner.

Along the way, I’ve learned so much.

I’ve learned that love is a verb, and we can choose who we love.

I’ve learned that I am so worth loving.

I’ve learned to let go of the past so that I can be in love with the now.

I’ve learned how to love my perfect imperfections that make me me.

I’ve learned to trust my intuition and see the good in someone.

I’ve learned to love me even more so that I have more love to give others.

Maybe you, like me, didn’t have great experiences growing up.

Now I know that I have the power to choose to see the flip side of adverse childhood experiences.

If I can do that, so can you.

This guest article originally appeared on YourTango.com: How People With Adverse Childhood Experiences Love Differently.

People who drank red wine had an increased gut microbiota diversity (a sign of gut health) compared to non-red wine drinkers as well as an association with lower levels of obesity and 'bad' cholesterol (n=916 female twins). This was not observed with white wine, beer or spirits consumption.

People who drank red wine had an increased gut microbiota diversity (a sign of gut health) compared to non-red wine drinkers as well as an association with lower levels of obesity and 'bad' cholesterol (n=916 female twins). This was not observed with white wine, beer or spirits consumption. submitted by /u/mvea
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Valley Grove couple alleges WVU-employed doctor was not qualified for surgery

Valley Grove couple alleges WVU-employed doctor was not qualified for surgery submitted by /u/MountainsMan55
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The consumption of foods high in sodium and low in potassium, such as fast food, contributes to the development of depressive symptoms in early adolescence, suggests new study, which found that greater urinary sodium excretion and lower potassium excretion predicted more severe depressive symptoms.

The consumption of foods high in sodium and low in potassium, such as fast food, contributes to the development of depressive symptoms in early adolescence, suggests new study, which found that greater urinary sodium excretion and lower potassium excretion predicted more severe depressive symptoms. submitted by /u/mvea
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How to Reclaim Your Time and Put Breathing Room Back in Your Life

“It is the time you have wasted for your rose that makes your rose so important.” – Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

An unalterable fact of life is that there are only 24 hours in a day. Despite wishing time could be extended, go slower or faster, or be reversed, the physics involved in the construct of time do not allow such self-driven navigation. Whether you’re overwhelmed at work, home, school or elsewhere, trying to fit too many tasks and to-dos in an already full schedule, or so dismayed at your lack of progress that you want to give up, you can reclaim more time and put breathing room back in your life. Here’s how.

It’s a Matter of Reorganization

While you can’t add or subtract a few hours in your day, you can determine what’s necessary, desirable, advances your goals, or not. Once you figure out the projects, tasks, obligations and activities that are essential, do-able, help you be the best you can be and allow for spiritual, if not emotional, psychological and career growth, you can discover a spare hour or two you didn’t think you had. It all boils down to reorganization. 

The core of reorganization involves prioritization, the deliberate and conscious act of assigning everything a place in the echelon of what must be done, what should be done, what can wait until later, what you want to do, and what you may need assistance to complete.

Map Out a Strategy

If there’s an overarching goal you want to achieve, or several, along with reorganizing what’s on your daily to-do list, you’ll benefit from taking the time to map out a strategy for how to get what you want. Look at all those items you’ve spent time putting higher or lower on your reorganization list and determine where, if at all, they fit in your long-term planning. Do they help you get closer to realizing your goal? Are they filler material, busywork, something that’s accumulated over time and now you’re expected to do? Or, do they challenge you to step up and go beyond your comfort zone, present you with opportunities to learn and gain or perfect a skill? 

If your list of tasks, chores, projects and activities includes some that do nothing for your strategy to achieve your goal(s), eliminate them. You’ve automatically carved out some breathing room – assuming you aren’t pressured or forced to do some of those items by your boss, family obligations, or other outside influences.

Give Yourself a Day When You Schedule Nothing

Then, see where the day takes you. Granted, taking a day off and having absolutely nothing planned seems like the height of self-indulgence. Frankly, if you’re reaching the point of work burnout or are so in over your head that you’re not very effective at all, a day that’s a blank slate is probably just what you need. So, the day starts off with no activities planned. See how you feel. What do you want to do today? And, while you’re at it, contemplate when, if ever, you’ve given yourself such total freedom to do whatever you want? What you’ll find is that you’ll gravitate toward some nourishing and life-affirming activities, maybe engaging in long-unattended-to self-care, spending a few hours at a hobby you enjoy but haven’t had time to devote to, going for a walk, taking in a movie, visiting a café or coffeeshop with friends, planning a holiday vacation, even making yourself a meal that only you like.

Time is like water. It will find a way around whatever you put in its path and fill up any void. By making time when you’ve got nothing on your schedule, you’ll feel energized and fulfilled doing whatever it is that makes you feel good. And that’s reclaiming time in the best possible way.

Create Nurturing Morning and Evening Routines

How you start and end each day should be an essential part of the day itself. Indeed, one of the easiest to accomplish and most likely to succeed ways to greet and release the day is to create nurturing routines for the morning and night. Having your morning coffee routine situated so it’s a no-brainer when you wake up will give you the caffeine head-start you need without troubling yourself over the task. To do this, lay out the coffee mug, spoon, sugar, pre-fill the coffee pot or put on the timer so it makes itself according to your schedule. If you’re not a coffee drinker, but prefer tea instead, the same pre-planning holds true. Note that this is just one example many can relate to, yet it works for other comforting morning rituals as well.

Equally important, however, is the thought you put into what you do before retiring for the evening. Now is the time when you want to unwind and allow your mind to drift, not tax it with an unrelenting list of what you must tackle tomorrow. Take a leisurely soaking bath, meditate, relax with an engrossing book, listen to soothing music — you get the idea. Laying out your wardrobe for the morning, tending to your grooming basics and getting into your comfortable go-to-sleep environment is both nurturing and nourishing. It also primes your subconscious and your body to recharge and rebuild.

Your Journey Is Your Own, So Avoid Comparisons

So what if your brother-in-law has become a millionaire and he’s not yet 30? What difference does it make if your co-worker seems to breeze through assignments and has a tendency to lord it over you? Shortcuts and quick routes to success may seem ideal, yet you know that earning the prize, securing the promotion, achieving the earnestly desired goal requires that you put in the effort to do it right. Only then will you feel like you’ve really accomplished what you set out to do. Comparing your progress to others is an exercise in futility. It also wastes precious time and does nothing to assist you in making strides toward what matters most to you.

In line with this, do celebrate your small wins by taking the time to appreciate the victories. This serves as a kind of self-affirmation and motivates you to continue. It also helps put time in perspective. You have one life to live, and it’s your life, not anyone else’s. Keep this foremost in your mind and you’ll find you have more breathing room in your life, naturally.

Psychology Around the Net: August 31, 2019

It’s Labor Day weekend and the unofficial end of summer here in the United States. What kind of fun are you getting up to this holiday weekend?

This week’s Psychology Around the Net offers some tips for letting go of unhealthy relationships, a trick for arguing without fighting, one doctor’s commentary on biological psychiatry, and more.

Read up, then go enjoy the holiday!

Workers Are Afraid to Take a Mental Health Day: Ryan Bonnici, chief marketing officer of G2 and a board member of Bring Change to Mind, talks the moral and financial incentives businesses have to prioritize their employees’ mental health, how one of the most effective steps business leaders can take is opening up about their own mental health, and the path that led him to being more forthright with his employees about his own mental health.

Could Marriage Stave Off Dementia? A new study from Michigan State University suggests marital status and dementia could be linked; specifically, married people are less likely to experience dementia as they grow older, while divorced people — especially divorced med — are twice as likely as married people to develop dementia.

“Letting Go” of Unhealthy Relationships: Letting go of social or romantic relationships that have served their purpose can be tough — especially when you struggle with a fear of loneliness. You might find yourself worrying that you’re making a mistake, or hanging on simply because you don’t want to be alone. It’s true that there’s no quick fix to moving on from an unhealthy relationship and the emotions attached to it, but there are several helpful ways to work through the process of letting go.

Argue Like You’re on Camera: Ever notice how you tend to behave a little differently on camera? Even if it’s just a smidge? Well, now you might be able to use that for good. The next time you feel an argument brewing, tap into that “I’m being recorded” feeling. It might just help stop a basic argument from turning into an all out I-wish-I-hadn’t-said-that fight.

Poverty: The Newest Medically Treatable Brain Disease: Poverty often involves suffering and distress, symptoms that affect normal functioning, and high overall mortality rate. There’s evidence of abnormal biochemistry and even genetic predisposition, and that medication can ease symptoms like hunger and coldness. Does this all sound fairly absurd to you? It does to Dr. Lawrence Kelmenson, too, and he uses it to make a case that “biological psychiatry is a ridiculous farce that’s really about shutting people up, by dismissing (invalidating) their complaints as mere ‘symptoms’ to be drugged away.” Thoughts?

Use This 4 Step Technique to Decide If You Can Trust Your Feelings or Not: Your feelings can be your best friends…or your worst enemies. Without realizing it, you might suppress your emotions, or marginalize or ignore them. You might not have a solid enough understanding of how emotions work. Feelings can be both powerful and mystifying, but with a little work you can learn how to connect with your feelings, determine whether you can trust them, and use the they way they were meant to be used.

ডাঃ অমিত পিসপতি - হিপ আর্থ্রস্কোপির ক্রমবর্ধমান ক্ষেত্রের অন্যতম শীর্ষ অর্থোপেডিক সার্জন

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ডাঃ অমিত পিসপতি - হিপ আর্থ্রস্কোপির ক্রমবর্ধমান ক্ষেত্রের অন্যতম শীর্ষ অর্থোপেডিক সার্জন

submitted by /u/lenarivera
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Spanish Parents Sue After Acid Reflux Medication Mix Up Leaves Babies With ‘Abnormal’ Body Hair Growth

How Race Made the Opioid Crisis - The division between dope & medicine has always been race & class. In March 2018, Trump gave a 40-minute speech about an opioid crisis in the US, blaming China & Mexico rather than the deregulation of Big Pharma & the failures of a private health care system.

How Race Made the Opioid Crisis - The division between dope & medicine has always been race & class. In March 2018, Trump gave a 40-minute speech about an opioid crisis in the US, blaming China & Mexico rather than the deregulation of Big Pharma & the failures of a private health care system. submitted by /u/anutensil
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Some states, towns skeptical over proposed opioid settlement with OxyContin maker Purdue Pharma & the Sackler family. Think company should have to pay more. - Meanwhile, Purdue is considering filing for bankruptcy to protect itself.

Some states, towns skeptical over proposed opioid settlement with OxyContin maker Purdue Pharma & the Sackler family. Think company should have to pay more. - Meanwhile, Purdue is considering filing for bankruptcy to protect itself. submitted by /u/anutensil
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Dozens of doctors & pharmacists arrested in opioid crackdown in Houston, accused of not distributing opioids properly - "If you behave like a drug dealer, we're going to find you & treat you like a drug dealer," assistant attorney general Brian Benczkowski says.

Dozens of doctors & pharmacists arrested in opioid crackdown in Houston, accused of not distributing opioids properly - "If you behave like a drug dealer, we're going to find you & treat you like a drug dealer," assistant attorney general Brian Benczkowski says. submitted by /u/anutensil
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DEA makes nearly 300 arrests, seizes 600 lbs of drugs in massive Florida operation - The news comes amid a nationwide crackdown on opioids, with the operation targeting physicians & pharmacists who law enforcement officials say have exacerbated the overdose crisis.

DEA makes nearly 300 arrests, seizes 600 lbs of drugs in massive Florida operation - The news comes amid a nationwide crackdown on opioids, with the operation targeting physicians & pharmacists who law enforcement officials say have exacerbated the overdose crisis. submitted by /u/anutensil
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Antibiotic resistance could kill us before climate change, warns country's top medical officer | UK News

Antibiotic resistance could kill us before climate change, warns country's top medical officer | UK News submitted by /u/shallah
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Air Pollution May Cause Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Air Pollution May Cause Neuropsychiatric Disorders submitted by /u/shallah
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Oklahoma hospital used dirty gastroscopes on almost 1,000 patients; no infections reported

Oklahoma hospital used dirty gastroscopes on almost 1,000 patients; no infections reported
Reuters: Health
An unnamed hospital in Oklahoma used contaminated gastroscopes in procedures performed on nearly a thousand patients in recent months, device maker Pentax Medical told U.S. regulators last month, putting the patients at risk of exposure to bacteria that can cause infections.


Patent court to review Alexion's Soliris patents on Amgen challenge

Patent court to review Alexion's Soliris patents on Amgen challenge
Reuters: Health
The U.S. patent office will review patents on Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc's blood disorder treatment Soliris, after Amgen Inc challenged them, court filings showed on Friday.


23-Year-Old Woman Practicing Dangerous Yoga Pose on Balcony Ledge Plunges 80 Feet and Survives

CDC, FDA report 215 cases of respiratory illness possibly tied to vaping

CDC, FDA report 215 cases of respiratory illness possibly tied to vaping
Reuters: Health
U.S. public health officials on Friday reported a rise in the number of cases of respiratory illness possibly related to the use of e-cigarettes from across 25 states.


Higher education doesn't protect equally against secondhand smoke

Higher education doesn't protect equally against secondhand smoke
Reuters: Health
Higher levels of education promote health by helping people avoid many environmental health risks, but this benefit may not extend equally to all races and ethnicities when it comes to secondhand smoke, a U.S. study suggests


They Got Estimates Before Surgery — And A Bill After That Was 50% More

They Got Estimates Before Surgery — And A Bill After That Was 50% More submitted by /u/psioni
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Why America Is Failing To Feed Its Aging - While the plight of hungry children elicits support & can be tackled in schools, the plight of hungry older Americans is shrouded by isolation & a generation’s pride.

Why America Is Failing To Feed Its Aging - While the plight of hungry children elicits support & can be tackled in schools, the plight of hungry older Americans is shrouded by isolation & a generation’s pride. submitted by /u/anutensil
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Patent court to review Alexion's Soliris patents on Amgen challenge: filings

Patent court to review Alexion's Soliris patents on Amgen challenge: filings
Reuters: Health
The U.S. patent office will review three patents on Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc's drug Soliris, after rival Amgen Inc filed a petition challenging them, court filings showed on Friday.


U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory: Marijuana Use and the Developing Brain

U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory: Marijuana Use and the Developing Brain submitted by /u/magenta_placenta
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Paleo and Wine: Should You Drink?

Can you drink wine if you’re Paleo? In this article, I’ll share my tips for choosing a Paleo wine and I’ll explore whether or not the beverage is a healthy addition to an ancestral diet.

The post Paleo and Wine: Should You Drink? appeared first on Chris Kresser.

Congolese girl, 9, dies of Ebola in Uganda: hospital official

Congolese girl, 9, dies of Ebola in Uganda: hospital official
Reuters: Health
A 9-year-old girl has died of Ebola in the East African nation of Uganda, a hospital official said, a day after she tested positive for the disease after crossing the border from neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).


Congolese girl, 9, dies of Ebola in Uganda- hospital official

Congolese girl, 9, dies of Ebola in Uganda- hospital official
Reuters: Health
A nine-year-old girl has died of Ebola in the East African nation of Uganda, a hospital official said, a day after she tested positive for the disease after crossing the border from neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo.


Driving for teens with ADHD: What parents need to know

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For all parents, it’s a scary time when their teen starts to drive. For parents of teens with ADHD, it can be — and should be — even scarier.

ADHD, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is a condition that can cause problems with attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. These are not problems you want to have when you are driving.

What does research tell us about ADHD in teens and driving?

In a 2019 study published in Pediatrics, researchers looked at information about accidents, violations, and suspensions over the first four years of licensure for about 15,000 adolescent drivers. About 2,000 of these teens had ADHD. Here is what they found:

  • The four-year crash rate for drivers with ADHD was 37% higher than for those without ADHD.
  • The drivers with ADHD had a 62% higher rate of injury crashes, and a 109% higher rate of alcohol-related crashes.
  • Teens with ADHD had a 36% rate of traffic violations, compared with 25% for those without.
  • Teens with ADHD had a 27% rate of moving violations, compared with 19% for those without.
  • 17 percent of teens with ADHD had their license suspended, compared with 10% of those who did not have ADHD.
  • Teens with ADHD had a higher risk of speeding, not wearing seat belts, alcohol and/or drug use while driving, and using electronic equipment while driving.
  • Teens with ADHD had a higher risk of accidents and other problems in the first month of driving.

Delaying driving to 18 rather than 17 didn’t make a difference. Additionally, delaying driving until 18 has a downside. At 18, graduated driving laws may not apply. These are laws designed to put some limitations on early drivers, such as not allowing them to drive with passengers, limiting the hours they can drive, and having stiff penalties for electronic device use.

The researchers also found in a previous study that there wasn’t a big difference in crash risk whether or not teens were being medicated for their ADHD. The best strategies for preventing accidents have to do with skills training — and with parents being involved in shared decision-making about when and how their teens drive.

Safe driving advice for parents of teens with ADHD

Here are some suggestions for parents of teens with ADHD when it comes to driving:

  • Make sure they take a formal driver’s education class.
  • Although medications didn’t seem to make a difference in the study, talk to your doctor about doing everything you can to maximize your teen’s treatment of ADHD before he or she starts driving. This may include medication, behavioral therapy, or something else.
  • Before your teen gets a license, spend lots of time together in the car. Do many hours of driving together, working on skills and behaviors to keep them safe. Don’t let them take the driving test until you feel comfortable that they have learned those skills and behaviors.

Additionally, set rules about safe driving, and enforce them. This is crucial. These rules should cover things like:

  • Number and type of passengers. Passengers increase crash risk. Some passengers are more distracting than others.
  • Speed. Teen drivers must know and obey speed limits.
  • Distraction. Any distraction that causes teens to glance away from the road for more than two seconds increases crash risk nearly four times — and distraction involving an electronic device increases it 5.5 times. Looking at phones is obviously a big distraction. So is looking out a side window, looking at a passenger, reaching for something that falls on the floor, or fiddling with a stereo system.
  • Driving drowsy. Agree on rules to prevent this from happening.
  • Any alcohol or substance use. There needs to be zero tolerance for this.

Parents might also want to consider using technology to help them. Many cars now come equipped with software that alerts drivers about risks or even starts braking before a collision. There are also apps that can help stop people from texting while they drive. Technology has limitations, but can sometimes help.

For more information about helping any teen drive safely, check out these tips from the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Follow me on Twitter @drClaire

The post Driving for teens with ADHD: What parents need to know appeared first on Harvard Health Blog.

Novartis takes aim at Roche's star MS drug

Novartis takes aim at Roche's star MS drug
Reuters: Health
Swiss drugmaker Novartis on Friday stepped up its challenge to Roche's multiple sclerosis franchise, highlighting study results for its MS hopeful ofatumumab that could compete with its cross-town rival's drug Ocrevus.


Hormone Replacement Therapy raises breast cancer risk by a third, major Oxford study finds

Hormone Replacement Therapy raises breast cancer risk by a third, major Oxford study finds submitted by /u/asheraton
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It may never be too late to start exercising, and people who have never taken part in sustained exercise programs may have the same ability to build muscle mass as highly trained master athletes of a similar age, suggests a small sample study (n=15 older men) using muscle biopsies.

submitted by /u/mvea
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Ebola death toll in east Congo outbreak climbs above 2,000

Ebola death toll in east Congo outbreak climbs above 2,000
Reuters: Health
The death toll from Democratic Republic of Congo's year-long Ebola outbreak has climbed above 2,000, government data showed on Friday, as responders battle to overcome community mistrust and widespread security problems.


Novartis advances hunt for piece of Roche's growing MS empire

Novartis advances hunt for piece of Roche's growing MS empire
Reuters: Health
Swiss drugmaker Novartis on Friday threw down the gauntlet at Roche's multiple sclerosis franchise, touting study results for its MS hopeful ofatumumab that it hopes will muscle in on its crosstown rival's drug Ocrevus.


Ebola deaths in east Congo outbreak top 2,000

Ebola deaths in east Congo outbreak top 2,000
Reuters: Health
The death toll from the year-long Ebola outbreak in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo has topped 2,000, according to government data released on Friday, which also showed the number of confirmed cases of the virus had surpassed 3,000.